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Posted by: (FragranceWholsale )
History and Background of Cosmetics
Posted by: (FragranceWholsale )
History
and Background
of Fragrances
Posted by: (FragranceWholsale )
Posted by: (PerfumeBay )
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T
he final touch to your eye makeup is the lash. Try to always use an eyelash curler. It will make your eyes look wider, more alert, and more youthful. It's like an instant eye lift. Always curl lashes before applying mascara.* Lightly powder lashes to give mascara a coat to cling to.
* Heat eyelash curler with hair dryer for a few seconds. It will act like a curling iron for the eyes.
Hint: Curl twice for a rounded curl. Place the open curl near the lash roots and arrange your lashes between the two rims. Squeeze gently for thirty seconds. Squeeze again at mid-lash for another thirty-seconds. It looks very natural.
* Give upper lashes a second coat of mascara, concentrating on the tips by stroking the brush horizontally across the lash. Never wait when applying second coat of mascara to lashes. Mascara, especially waterproof mascara, dries quickly and can clump.
* Lightly coat lower lashes.
Each time we have a newsletter, we will feature 5 beauty tips.
October 2004
4000 BC The Egyptians: Here we see the first archeological evidence of cosmetics.
It seems affluent women applied a bright green paste of copper minerals
to their faces to provide color and definition of features.
They used perfumed oils and painted eyebrows on themselves with cream
made from sheep's fat, lead and soot. It
might seem to some that they used the perfumed oils because of the face makeup.
The East 1500 BC: In China and Japan rice powder was used to paint faces pasty white. Eyebrows were shaved and plucked, and teeth were painted gold or black and Henna dyes, were used to stain hair and faces. In other words, teenagers looked exactly as they look today.
1,000 BC Greece: If you were an upper class Greek you probably wore a wig to
hide the fact that you seldom bathed. This
was true of both genders. Again everybody wanted the ⌠real white look
given by wearing chalk or white lead face powder. (No report on what the
incidence of lead poisoning was like in ancient Greece). When women wanted a
little color they chose ochre clays laced with red iron for lipstick (Mmmmm,
tastes good!) They spread their palms with reddish henna, supposedly to look
younger. These practices roughly
coincide with the perfection of soap.
100 AD Rome: Platus wrote "A woman without paint is like food without
salt,"
These super-civilized ancestors put barley flour and butter on their pimples,
and sheep's fat and blood on their fingernails for polish. Their crowning
contribution to cosmetics was the practice of taking mud baths laced
with crocodile excrement for who knows what purpose.
Men frequently dyed their hair blond, supposedly to look like the young
guy in the Dell Computer commercial. The practice of hair dying among men and
women alike was curtailed, as dyes were so caustic as to cause existing hair to
fall out. They had specially
dedicated slaves to apply their cosmetics.
14th Century: Cosmetics were regarded as a health threat because many
thought they would block proper circulation. In Elizabethan England dyed red
hair was fashionable. Well to do women wore egg whites over their faces to
create a whiter countenance and also slept with slices of raw beef on their
faces to get rid of wrinkles. I think some English playwright wrote something
to the effect "A beautiful woman is like a delicatessen." Then again,
maybe not.
15th -16th Centuries
In Europe, cosmetics were
used only by the aristocracy. Italy and France became the chief centers of Cosmetics
manufacturing. The French perfected the art of creating new fragrances and cosmetics,
by blending ingredients. This
laborious process gave birth not only to the means for producing modern cosmetics,
but also for murder, as arsenic was sometimes used in face powder instead of
lead, simply to kill the wearer faster.
17th -18th Century: Cosmetics are now in use by all except the very poorest classes of society.
Red rouge and lipstick were used extensively to suggest health, wealth and
gayety.
19th Century: France again. They develop chemical processes to replace fragrances made by the natural methods. Zinc oxide becomes widely used as a facial powder, replacing the more deadly mixtures of lead and copper previously used. Other poisonous substances are still used in eyeshadow (lead and antimony sulfide), lip reddeners (mercuric sulfide), and to make one's eyes sparkle (belladonna, or deadly nightshade. Hey, it's important to look good!
The 1920s in America: Cosmetics and fragrances are manufactured, and
begin to be mass marketed. It was
now okay for women to drop the Victorian image and dress up and use cosmetics,
because it made money. The mass
appeal and market for cosmetics was assured with the advent of the dime
store/department store/chain stores which proliferated during this decade.
1927: The chemical method for permanent waving is invented making it easier for many more women to have naturally wavy hair.
1930s: Movie stars such as Mary
Pickford, Theda Bara and Jean Harlow begin to influence the style and use of
makeup. Finally the white look starts to lose ground to the Hollywood tan look.
In 1935 Max Factor of Hollywood introduces pancake makeup because of the
adjustments required for photographing faces for film. Finally, women with food
on their faces again.
1950s: We begin the modern era of the cosmetics business as we know it. Face powders and makeup, tanning oils and fragrances are mass marketed to an essentially new post war society that is tired of shortages. Popular sponsors of radio soap operas transfer their ads to the new medium of television.
1960s: As in the Fragrance industry, this is a time of change, not necessarily for the better. Purple lips and Egyptian eyeliner make a comeback, butterflies show up painted on virtually every part of the body. Let's not forget false eye lashes. Food makes a comeback as botanical, and vegetable (carrot, watermelon) ingredients combine to create a back to nature look, smell, and attitude.
1970s: Certain ingredients are
banned from use in cosmetics to protect endangered species, and other
species currently used as lab rats by some cosmetics manufacturers.
This age of environmental concern fosters the start of many movements
demanding disclosure from the cosmetics industry asking questions like
⌠What did you do to those poor innocent puppies and bunnies to get this
cosmetic product approved? What's
in it, what does it do, where does it come from?
1980- Present: The key seems to be diversity as new looks, cosmetics
and beauty aids come together to form an enormous industry of over $20 billion
in sales annually. We are aware of
cosmetics, fragrances, hair and skin products every day as we are
heavily influenced by ads in print, and on television.
Now we turn to the Internet.
It used to be that you had to go down to the flower store to buy flowers,
the book store to get a book, the drug store for your prescriptions, the
computer store to get a computer, the car lot to buy a car.
Now items, which we wouldn't have thought of buying without personal
sales counseling a decade ago, are bought thousands of times each hour, on the
Internet. It is this way with cosmetics, fragrances and colognes.
Whereas your general store, or department store operating during the first
half of the 1950's might be able to stock 90% of the hot products and hot
brands of the time, and have inventory in the back in case product suddenly ran
out on the shelves, things have changed. There
are more products, more brands, more advertising, more disposable income, and
more demand for products advertised in magazines, billboards, television and
the Internet. No brick and mortar
(retail store-in-a-building) merchandiser could have everything all at once.
The name of the game now is e-tailing.
The consumer can buy virtually any product, style, color, size, make,
brand, price point; and have it shipped within 24 hours.
This frequently represents less buyer time expended than a trip to the
local mall. The convenience factor
of dealing with your favorite e-tailer means a lot.
Selecting cosmetics is oftentimes less buyer-intensive than
getting the ripe tomatoes from the produce department of your local grocery
store. You don't have to drive,
squeeze, or wait in line.
History and background of Fragrances
A fragrance is a blend of
extracts, alcohol and water; each perfume, cologne, fragrance, is characterized
by the ratio of ingredients. A perfume has a different concentration of extracts
to an Eau de Toilette. Perfume has the highest concentration, followed by Eau de
Parfum and Esprit de Parfum. Though they are less concentrated, the two latter fragrances
leave an intense lingering scent. Eau de Toilette is much lighter, with the
least concentrated fragrance being Eau de Cologne.
The history of fragrance and lotions goes back to the very beginning of
civilization.
Invention Man eventually discovered that oils and rendered animal fats not only
helped heal the skin but prevented further damage. The rich used fine almond,
olive and sesame oils, while the poor smelled less fragrant but were probably
equally comfortable with castor oil. As far back as 200 years before the birth
of Christ, the Babylonian ruler, Hammurabi, decreed that everyone in his kingdom
(men and women) had to wash in perfume.
Frankincense and myrrh figured strongly in the Bible as gifts to the Christ
child from the Three Wise Men.
Assyrian warriors curled their long beards with scented oils.
Napoleon is said to have used an average of 54 bottles of cologne each month,
and always wore his favorite scent into battle. Perhaps he wanted to charm his
enemies into submission.
King Louis XIV of France prescribed that members of the court should use a
different fragrance each day.
Sir Walter Raleigh regularly drank a mixture of wild strawberry leaves - and
always placed potpourris of roses and orris powder throughout the rooms of his
home
During the 17th century, gentlemen carried aromatics in the heads of their
walking sticks so that they could to open them and inhale whenever the occasion
demanded it.
There was nothing sissy or feminine about the early American cattlemen who came
into town for their monthly baths and took to lilac water in an effort to mask
the trail smells composed of horses, cows, sweat, trail dust, sweat, and
whiskey. It almost seems lilac water may not have been strong enough. But by the
turn of the century nobody giggled when the well dressed, starch-collared man
left the barbershop with his hair slicked and parted and smelling of petunias.
There was nothing un-masculine about their use of fragrance.
Prior to World War I, the only fragrant lotions used by men were Bay Rum and
Witch Hazel. During the Roaring 20's those men who wished to be dashing
applied a dose of women`s perfume under their jacket lapels
Rudolph Valentino, one of the greatest screen lovers of all time, wore cologne
that reportedly charged the air with a cool, citrusy, masculine scent, and he
inspired a following of men who slicked their hair as he did and habitually used
his very brand of citrus. Women across the country reacted with overwhelming
enthusiasm.
The free spirit of the Roaring Twenties liberated men (as well as women) but
they could not as yet choose from a family of products developed for and
marketed specifically to men.
It wasn`t until the early 30`s, during the Depression, that an American cologne
after-shave was introduced to capture the imagination of men across the country.
It was an instant success and was considered the ultimate "morale
booster."
In the mid-60`s, social, economic and industrial changes inspired men to begin
experimentation with innovative fashions and fragrances. It is during
this time that we begin to see the proliferation of Fragrances, colognes,
and cosmetics for men.
Starting in the 1970's, Men's fragrances began to be taken
more seriously as a marketing category. Several companies entered the market to
give men an array of products and fragrances to choose from. Designers
include Ralph Lauren who offers Polo
for Men After Shave Balm, Polo
Cologne for Men, Polo
Crest for Men, , Polo
Sport Extreme Cologne, Romance
Cologne for Men, Safari
Cologne for Men, as well as the Rodeo, Haute,
and Premiere
Collections for Women.
Calvin Klein has also been a leader in fragrances for men and women
alike. He introduced Calvin
Cologne for Men as well as the CK
Be line generally considered to be a unisex line.
Tommy Hilfiger created the Athletics
Cologne for men, Tommy
Cologne, Freedom
Cologne for Men and Freedom
Cologne for women. Fragrances are not just for women anymore.
Perfume is a personal way to communicate one’s sensuality and
attractiveness. It is an integral part of one’s personality as much as
one’s type of skin, voice or smile. A special touch of fragrance can
make an unforgettable impression on others. Here are some tips for
applying fragrance:
Apply fragrance to your pulse points which are areas on your skin where
blood flow is
strongest and the skin is warmest such as: wrist, behind the ear,
chest, neck, behind the
knee and inside the elbow.
* Layer your fragrance for long-lasting wear.
* It may be necessary to re-apply your fragrance after 3-4 hours.
* Walk into your fragrance. This is a method of spraying the fragrance
into the air and walking-
into it. The fragrance will be evenly applied while not being too
overwhelming.
* When testing a new fragrance, allow the fragrance to “settle” on
your skin for about 10
minutes. You will experience the different levels of “notes”
as the scent mingles with your
body chemistry. You should not test more than 3 fragrances at one
time. Your nose will not
be able to pick up the complexities of the fragrance notes.
* Avoid over-applying your fragrance. This may lead to an unappealing
response from others.
* Experiment with different fragrances families. A balanced fragrance
wardrobe should include
different a variety of fragrances for that perfect occasion.
Fragrance Facts
Perfume is composed of natural or synthetic fragrant oil extracts
diluted in water and high-grade alcohol. The composition of these oil
extracts determines the level or “strength” of the fragrance which
affects the lasting power of the scent. Below are the different
fragrance levels:
Eau de Cologne – least concentrated (fragrance lasts up to 1 hour)
Eau de Toilette – concentrated (fragrance lasts up to 2 hours)
Eau de Parfum – concentrated (fragrance lasts up to 3-4 hours)
Perfume or Parfum Classic – highly concentrated (fragrance lasts up to
5-6 hours)
Fragrance Families
Fragrances are generally categorized into fragrance families based its
notes and composition. There are three levels of “notes” associated
with every fragrance. These are the Top, Middle, and Base notes. The top
notes are the initial essences that are revealed when first applied.
After about 5 minutes, the fragrance is absorbed into the skin and
middle notes are revealed. Around 10-15 minutes later, the scent is
fully developed as it lingers at base. Below is a chart illustrating the
popular fragrance families.
Copyright ©2003 ESCC, Inc. All Rights Reserved.